Everything about Nursery Rhyme totally explained
A
nursery rhyme is a traditional
song or
poem taught to young children, originally in the
nursery. Learning such verse assists in the development of vocabulary, and several examples deal with rudimentary counting skills. It also encourages children to enjoy
music. In addition, specific actions, motions, or dances are often associated with particular songs.
Many cultures (though not all;
see below) feature
children's songs and verses that are passed down by
oral tradition from one generation to the next (either from parent to child or from older children to younger children). In the English language, the term
nursery rhyme generally refers to those of
European origin, and the best known examples are
English and originated in or since the
17th century. Their origins were possibly a form of oral political cartoon from an era when free speech could get the speaker imprisoned. Nursery rhymes, however, are often violent in nature; for example, in "
Jack and Jill", Jack fell down and "broke his crown" for example, injuring his head so that it bled.
Some nursery rhymes, however, are substantially older. "
Sing a Song of Sixpence" exists in written records as far back as the
Middle Ages. Some well-known nursery rhymes originated in the
United States, such as "
Mary Had a Little Lamb".
Mother Goose
No doubt the most famous collection of nursery rhymes is that of
Mother Goose, a name still applied in the United States as a generic title for collections of nursery rhymes. In seventeenth-century France, a
conte de ma mère l'Oie was a familiar phrase for an unlikely countrified yarn; Mother Goose got her real start with
Charles Perrault's collection of fairy tales
Histoires ou contes du temps passés, avec des moralités, which grew to become better known under its subtitle,
Contes de ma mère l'Oie or
Tales of Mother Goose. An English translation appeared in 1700, and a version published by
John Newbery, ca. 1760-65, was pirated in Massachusetts about 1785.
Some exegeses
The nursery rhyme "
Ring a Ring o' Roses", also known as "Ring Around The Rosie", is mistakenly referred to as a metaphorical reference to the
Great Plague of London. According to this theory, first symptoms of plague were ring-like sores. People didn't understand the illness and would place flowers in the pocket in the belief that illness came from bad smells, so to have something smell sweet would possibly kill the sickness. Also, there's a strong and ancient belief in plants and flowers having spiritual abilities.
A credible interpretation of "
Pop Goes the Weasel" is that it's about
silk weavers working with their shuttle or bobbin (known as a "weasel"). Another interpretation derives from the need for the poor working class to have to take their coats (weasels and stoats in
Cockney Rhyming Slang) to
pawnbrokers to obtain money for drinking. It is possible that the "eagle" mentioned in the song's third verse refers to The Eagle freehold pub along Shepherdess Walk in
London, which was established as a
music hall in
1825 and was rebuilt as a
public house in
1901. This public house bears a plaque with this interpretation of the nursery rhyme and the pub's history. Shepherdess Walk is just off the
City Road mentioned in the same verse ("Up and down the City Road, in and out The Eagle"). Alternatively, the term
weasel might be
Cockney rhyming slang for a coat ("weasel and stoat" = "coat"), and the coat itself was pawned.
An amusing rhyme, "Sing a Song of Sixpence", is a song that has obscure origins made even more so by the hoax that it was used by
Blackbeard to attract pirates.
It is possible, even likely, that some nursery rhymes have been lost, as nursery rhymes are mainly an oral tradition passed down for hundreds, sometimes thousands of years. Because of the lack of literacy throughout much of history, no written records of them would have been made.
Nursery rhyme revisionism
There have been several movements, across the world, to make nursery rhymes (along with fairy tales and popular songs) "politically correct".
Psychoanalysts such as
Bruno Bettelheim strongly criticized this revisionism, on the grounds that it weakened their usefulness to both children and adults as ways of symbolically resolving issues. Such revised versions may not perform the functions of catharsis for children, or allow them to imaginatively deal with violence and danger. Also, a society as a whole may be the poorer for it, because it loses opportunities to discuss obsolete values, even repulsive ones (like racism). A good example is the changing of 'Baa Baa Black Sheep' to give
none to the little boy who lives down the lane, presumably in an attempt to teach children about the iniquities of capitalism.
Further Information
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